BORDER PROTECTION, BORDER CLOSURES IN THE MIRROR OF HISTORY

Milan  Majer

Milan Majer Óbudai University

Keywords: Migration, attack, fight, defense, border defense, method, “limes”, “ripa”, “gyepű”, border fortress.

Abstract

Review Paper

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37458/ssj.6.2.4

In the article I write about the border protection methods used in Europe, especially in the Carpathian Basin and Hungary. The period covers from the Roman Empire to the Turkish occupation. I present the stages of the creation and development of border fences from a historical perspective, from the creation of the “limes” to the appearance of border fortresses. I deal in detail with the significance and development of border fortresses, as they were already directly built facilities with a border protection function. I also present the impact caused by border fortresses. I describe the results achieved by the use of physical possibilities and human resources in terms of the fights of the European states of that time against each other. I also touch on the efforts against the conquests against Europe. The work does not intend to deal with today's advanced technical border fences, nor does it cover the world wars.

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